Kurdish officials accused local Arabs and some displaced in camps around the city of helping ISIS.
Kirkuk's police chief, Brig. Gen. Khatab Omar, said the militants had probably infiltrated the 600,000 internally displaced in and around the city.
Gen. Hallo Najat, another police official, told local media to expect further fighting because 30% of the Arabs there supported ISIS rather than the government or Kurdish authorities.
Najmaldin Karim, Kirkuk's governor, said: "We have prior knowledge that an operation like this could happen; we were preparing for it, but the timing was not known exactly." in Indirect Speech is : Najmaldin Karim, Kirkuk's governor said that he had prior knowledge that an operation like that could happened: he was preparing for it, but the timing has not known exactly.
He said a curfew would remain in force for another day and urged the internally displaced community in Kirkuk to help track down militants.
US defense chief briefed on Mosul operation
Carter, the US defense secretary, paid an unannounced visit Saturday to Baghdad, where he was briefed on the Mosul offensive and met with Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi.
U.S. Sailor killed by roadside bomb in Iraq identified
Carter then addressed about 50 US service members at Baghdad International Airport, recalling the US naval officer killed this week in northern Iraq and the risks taken by all those serving.
The defense chief told the crowd he was encouraged by what he has seen so far in the fight to retake Mosul.
"So far it is proceeding according to our plan," Carter said. "We've got tough fighting ahead and the US will continue to play its part."
US forces in Iraq are providing air support for the Mosul operation as part of an international coalition. US special operations forces are also advising Iraqi and Kurdish units on the ground.
After meeting with Carter, Abadi repeated his view that Iraq does not need Turkey's assistance in the battle for Mosul, while acknowledging the importance of maintaining good relations with its northern neighbor. "If we (need) help, we will ask for it from Turkey or from other regional countries," he said.
The Turkish leadership has expressed a desire to join the push to oust ISIS.
UN 'gravely worried' over human shield use
The United Nations expressed concern Friday that ISIS has taken 550 families from villages around Mosul to use as human shields.
Pain still raw for Mosul's Christians in Jordan
Two hundred families from Samalia village and 350 families from Najafia were forced out Monday and taken to Mosul in "an apparent policy by ISIS to prevent civilians escaping," Ravina Shamdasani, deputy spokeswoman for the UN Human Rights Office, told CNN.
Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said, "We are gravely worried by reports that (ISIS) is using civilians in and around Mosul as human shields as the Iraqi forces advance, keeping civilians close to their offices or places where fighters are located, which may result in civilian casualties." in Indirect Speech is : Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said that he was gravely had worried by reports that (ISIS) was using civilians in and around Mosul as human shields as the Iraqi forces advance, keeeping civilians close to their offices or places where fighters were located, which might result in civilian casualties.
Sources : http://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/22/middleeast/iraq-isis-mosul/index.html
Minggu, 23 Oktober 2016
Example of Direct Speech in Article CNN
Kurdish officials accused local Arabs and some displaced in camps around the city of helping ISIS.
Kirkuk's police chief, Brig. Gen. Khatab Omar, said the militants had probably infiltrated the 600,000 internally displaced in and around the city.
Gen. Hallo Najat, another police official, told local media to expect further fighting because 30% of the Arabs there supported ISIS rather than the government or Kurdish authorities.
Najmaldin Karim, Kirkuk's governor, said: "We have prior knowledge that an operation like this could happen; we were preparing for it, but the timing was not known exactly."
He said a curfew would remain in force for another day and urged the internally displaced community in Kirkuk to help track down militants.
US defense chief briefed on Mosul operation
Carter, the US defense secretary, paid an unannounced visit Saturday to Baghdad, where he was briefed on the Mosul offensive and met with Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi.
U.S. Sailor killed by roadside bomb in Iraq identified
Carter then addressed about 50 US service members at Baghdad International Airport, recalling the US naval officer killed this week in northern Iraq and the risks taken by all those serving.
The defense chief told the crowd he was encouraged by what he has seen so far in the fight to retake Mosul.
"So far it is proceeding according to our plan," Carter said. "We've got tough fighting ahead and the US will continue to play its part."
US forces in Iraq are providing air support for the Mosul operation as part of an international coalition. US special operations forces are also advising Iraqi and Kurdish units on the ground.
After meeting with Carter, Abadi repeated his view that Iraq does not need Turkey's assistance in the battle for Mosul, while acknowledging the importance of maintaining good relations with its northern neighbor. "If we (need) help, we will ask for it from Turkey or from other regional countries," he said.
The Turkish leadership has expressed a desire to join the push to oust ISIS.
UN 'gravely worried' over human shield use
The United Nations expressed concern Friday that ISIS has taken 550 families from villages around Mosul to use as human shields.
Pain still raw for Mosul's Christians in Jordan
Two hundred families from Samalia village and 350 families from Najafia were forced out Monday and taken to Mosul in "an apparent policy by ISIS to prevent civilians escaping," Ravina Shamdasani, deputy spokeswoman for the UN Human Rights Office, told CNN.
Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said, "We are gravely worried by reports that (ISIS) is using civilians in and around Mosul as human shields as the Iraqi forces advance, keeping civilians close to their offices or places where fighters are located, which may result in civilian casualties."
Sources : http://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/22/middleeast/iraq-isis-mosul/index.html
Kirkuk's police chief, Brig. Gen. Khatab Omar, said the militants had probably infiltrated the 600,000 internally displaced in and around the city.
Gen. Hallo Najat, another police official, told local media to expect further fighting because 30% of the Arabs there supported ISIS rather than the government or Kurdish authorities.
Najmaldin Karim, Kirkuk's governor, said: "We have prior knowledge that an operation like this could happen; we were preparing for it, but the timing was not known exactly."
He said a curfew would remain in force for another day and urged the internally displaced community in Kirkuk to help track down militants.
US defense chief briefed on Mosul operation
Carter, the US defense secretary, paid an unannounced visit Saturday to Baghdad, where he was briefed on the Mosul offensive and met with Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi.
U.S. Sailor killed by roadside bomb in Iraq identified
Carter then addressed about 50 US service members at Baghdad International Airport, recalling the US naval officer killed this week in northern Iraq and the risks taken by all those serving.
The defense chief told the crowd he was encouraged by what he has seen so far in the fight to retake Mosul.
"So far it is proceeding according to our plan," Carter said. "We've got tough fighting ahead and the US will continue to play its part."
US forces in Iraq are providing air support for the Mosul operation as part of an international coalition. US special operations forces are also advising Iraqi and Kurdish units on the ground.
After meeting with Carter, Abadi repeated his view that Iraq does not need Turkey's assistance in the battle for Mosul, while acknowledging the importance of maintaining good relations with its northern neighbor. "If we (need) help, we will ask for it from Turkey or from other regional countries," he said.
The Turkish leadership has expressed a desire to join the push to oust ISIS.
UN 'gravely worried' over human shield use
The United Nations expressed concern Friday that ISIS has taken 550 families from villages around Mosul to use as human shields.
Pain still raw for Mosul's Christians in Jordan
Two hundred families from Samalia village and 350 families from Najafia were forced out Monday and taken to Mosul in "an apparent policy by ISIS to prevent civilians escaping," Ravina Shamdasani, deputy spokeswoman for the UN Human Rights Office, told CNN.
Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said, "We are gravely worried by reports that (ISIS) is using civilians in and around Mosul as human shields as the Iraqi forces advance, keeping civilians close to their offices or places where fighters are located, which may result in civilian casualties."
Sources : http://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/22/middleeast/iraq-isis-mosul/index.html
Senin, 26 September 2016
Prmbelajaran Bahasa Inggris Berbasis Komputer
Nurul Halimah , 16613723 ( 4SA03 )
SOAL 7. A
If a crisis occurs, those unfamiliar with the procedures wouldn’t know how to handle
A B C D
the situation.
( A ) Occur should be occurred.
Revisi : If a crisis would occured, those unfamiliar with the procedures would not know how to handle the situation
SOAL 2. B
The sheepdog is chasing after the sheeps which is heading over the hill.
A B C D
( C ) is should are
Revise : The sheepdog is chasing after the sheep which are heading over the hill
SOAL 3. C
Almost all books have a few errors in them in spite of the care taken to check
A B C
its proof pages before the final printing.
D
( B ) in spite of should despite of
Revise : almost all books have a few errors in them despite of the care taken to check
its proof pages before the final printing.
SOAL 7. A
If a crisis occurs, those unfamiliar with the procedures wouldn’t know how to handle
A B C D
the situation.
( A ) Occur should be occurred.
Revisi : If a crisis would occured, those unfamiliar with the procedures would not know how to handle the situation
SOAL 2. B
The sheepdog is chasing after the sheeps which is heading over the hill.
A B C D
( C ) is should are
Revise : The sheepdog is chasing after the sheep which are heading over the hill
SOAL 3. C
Almost all books have a few errors in them in spite of the care taken to check
A B C
its proof pages before the final printing.
D
( B ) in spite of should despite of
Revise : almost all books have a few errors in them despite of the care taken to check
its proof pages before the final printing.
Jumat, 25 Maret 2016
Rancangan Bisnis " Preloved Things "
PRELOVED THINGS
preloved thing sejenis usaha yang menjual berbagai barang ataupun pakaian second (rejected pabrik) dan usaha itupun saya akui sudah banyak ditemui di wilayah atau kota-kota diindonesia. mungkin anda yang biasanya membeli pakaian baru dari merk terkenal tidak begitu tertarik untuk membeli barang preloved karena dengan berbagai alasan diantaranya: takut memakai barang bekas, atau takut terkena penyakit yang menempel di setiap baju maupun celana dari pemilik sebelumnya. Tetapi diusaha saya ini saya mengedepankan kebersihan dan kenyamanan pembeli untuk membuat mereka tertarik membeli barang preloved yang saya jual. Kebersihan itu saya mulai dari mencuci pakaian itu sebelum saya jual lagi atau bahkan saya buat seperti layaknya barang baru yang tidak pernah dipakaidan dijual hanya karna kekecilan atau bahkan kebesaran. Ketelitian yang dimiliki pembeli juga menjadi salah satu unsur yang saya pegang karena apabila ada konsumen yang ingin membeli barang saya pasti akan dicek ulang agar tidak menemukan satu kejelekan atau cacat dari barang yang saya jual, dan apabila konsumen menemukan suatu cacat dari barang saya maka ia compaint agar harga barang ini diturunkan atau istilahnya dikasih discount (potongan harga) dan apabila saya menemukan konsumen seperti ini saya juga harus bekerja ekstra untuk meyakinkan bahwa cacatnya barang itu tidak mempengaruhi pemakaian ataupun kualitas barang tersebut. Kenyamanan pembeli adalah salah satu dari prinsip perdagangan yang dipegang oleh semua pedagang. Contohnya adalah ketika ada konsumen datang untuk melihat barang-barang yang saya jual saya harus melayaninya atau bahkan menunjukan bagaimana kualitas barang yang saya jual supaya mereka tidak merasa penjual cuek atau bahkan jutek kepada pembelinya.
Alasan saya membuka usaha ini adalah agar para konsumen yang terbiasa membandingkan kualitas barang dan barang preloved itu sadar bahwa kualitas tidak mecerminkan bagaimana mahalnya barang itu atau dari toko manakah anda membeli barang itu. dan supaya para konsumen dapat memanfaatkan budget yang kecil untuk membeli barang yang kualitasnya sama dengan barang mahal ataupun baru sehingga para konsumen dapat memakai barang yang worth it dengan budget yang sesuai.
sasaran yang saya pilih untuk memasarkan usaha saya adalah mahasiswa ataubahkan semua orang karena barang preloved itu tidak semuanya jelek dengan harga kisaran 10.000 - 40.000 diharapkan semua kalangan tertarik untuk membeli barang preloved yang saya jual. Media penjualan yang saya gunakan adalah langsung dan online . saya memilih langsung karena saya ingin konsumen melihat langsung bagaimana kualitas barang yang saya jual dan memudahkan orang yang gagap dengan teknologi untuk membeli langsung di toko yang saya buka. Saya juga memakai sistem online karena dijaman sekarang yang serba canggih pembeli dapat dimudahkan dengan cara melihat foto barang tersebut dan membelinya tanpa disusahkan untuk datang ketoko langsung untuk membelinya. tetapi di sisitem online ini saya juga harus selalu siap sedia dengan melayani konsumen yang biasanya hanya menanyakan harga barang tanpa tidak jadi menbelinya atau bahkan konsumen yang bawel menyakan kapan barangnya sampai karena sudah lewat dari masa kirimnya, tetapi hal seperti itu masih bisa saya kendalikan karena bagaimanapun pembeli adalah Raja jadi sebawel apapun pembeli saya harus bersikap ramah agar pembeli tertarik untuk berbelanja kembali di Online Shop saya. Maka dari itu saya menggunakan media promosi hanya dengan social Media semacam Path, Instagram atau mungkin Facebook karena jaman sekarang orang lebih aktif didunia maya . Dengan cara memposting Nama Online Shop atau toko yang saya punya maka viewers / Followers dapat mengetahui atau bahkan membuka dan mencari online shop atau toko saya.
Demikian rancangan usaha yang akan saya buat, semoga bermanfaat dan bisa jadi referensi pembaca atau produsen lain untuk membuka usaha yang sama seperti yang saya lakukan. mohon maaf apabila ada kesalahan penulisan maupun bahasa indonesia yang kurang anda ketahui artinya.
Terimakasih.
Minggu, 22 November 2015
Observation of National Museum ( Museum Gajah )
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
In modern times, the general public is no longer studying history, especially the history of human life. This study age, history has only been studied in the material, without any realization in practice activity this mengajar.Saat people prefer to visit places of entertainment of the historic places such as museums.
Museum is one of the gathering places of historical objects. Such as human fossils ancient times, the inscription, transportation, weapons, until the relics of ancient human. This observation study we focus on the Elephant Museum. In addition to the study material, there are also a lot of science.
B. Problem Formulation
How backgrounds establishment Elephant Museum?
How brief history of the founding of the Elephant Museum?
What research material contained in the Elephant Museum?
C. Objective
Observation and observation report aims to:
a. know the historical objects of what is displayed in the museum.
b. further explore the National Museum.
D. Benefits Research
Observation and report these observations can provide a variety of benefits to the readers, including:
a. As a means to develop speaking skills and exploration history.
b. Give more knowledge to other readers.
c. As a source of information on the results of Study Observations.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL BASIS
B. Platform Material
The material of this report is based on:
• Interview with one of the employees Museum;
• Board chronology of the history museum;
• Direct observations to the location;
CHAPTER III
PROCESS RESEARCH
A. Methods Used
In doing research, we use a variety of techniques, including: documentation (such as identity records and photos) and interviews.
B. Operating Procedures
In carrying out the study, to collect a variety of data sources on-site observations, we conduct interviews and documentation techniques. Documentation techniques we take two ways, namely, by way memphoto historical objects, and record the identity of these objects.
The stages in collecting data source: first we toured around the room, then we record what we encountered, further to our document.
C. Location Research
We make a visit to the Elephant Museum, Jakarta. Namely the Friday, November 20, 2015.
D. Research Instruments
The steps in this observation is as follows:
1. Choose a problem;
2. Formulate the problem;
3. Determine the source of the data;
4. Collect data;
5. Analysis of the data;
6. Drawing conclusions;
7. Write reports;
In the stage of collecting data, we go directly to the data source, which is housed in the Elephant Museum, Jakarta. Which was held on Wednesday, February 13, 2013.
CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS
A. Background The establishment of the Museum Gajah
National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia or the Museum Gajah, with classicism style, the building of the National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia is one of the main form of European influence, especially the spirit of the Enlightenment, which emerged at around the 18th century.
Enlightenment (Aufklarung) in Europe resulted in the emergence of various scientific associations in Europe. In the Indonesian colonial period, precisely in 1778, formed Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kusten en Wetenschappen (bond Batavia Arts and Sciences). In 1868, the museum was built, as the binding site was centered, as well as a museum.
B. A Brief History Museum Gajah
This building was built in 1862 by the government in response to the association Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences that examined the scientific research in the Dutch East Indies.
The National Museum Complex is built on a land of about 16,500 m² up to now have two buildings. In 1871, the museum received a gift from King Chulalongkorn of Thailand, in the form of an elephant statue.
The new wing was added in 1996 to the north of the old building. This building is called the Unit B or building Arca.
C. Scope Elephant Museum
The old building (building A) is used to showcase the museum's collection and storing space (storage). While Building B (Gedung Arca), which was officially opened on 10 June 2007 by DR.Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (President), but used for the space character (floors 1 to 4), also used for offices, conference rooms, laboratories, libraries , etc.
This building represents the works of Neo-classical built in Indonesia during the 19th century until the early 20th century Note the division of the rooms in the original building of this museum (space Ethnographic, Historical areas, etc.). Are still the same as in the colonial period first. Note that "Historical Room" is a relic of the Europeans; sabuah attempt to write the history of Indonesia according to the subjectivity of the European colonialists who dijewantahkan spatial.
Chairman or leader Museum today is led by Diamond Musliani.
D. Collection of Materials Research Elephant Museum
On the 1st floor to the 4th floor of this room exhibited by the objects of pre-history, such as: the fossils of ancient times, science technology and economics, to the stories of the historical development of early humans on earth.
On the 2nd floor exhibiting various collections of material culture which can reveal a variety of human knowledge, especially humans Indonesia, also regarding the technology of applied technical knowledge. What is also important is the economic activity, one aspect of human life which is focused on production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services.
This exhibition displays some aspects of science and technology, among others: Script and Language, Law in Indonesia, Architecture, Astronomy and Navigation, Medicine and Food Processing, Protection Equipment, Production Equipment, Communication Equipment, Transport and Economics.
1. Definition Science and Technology
Science and technology are the two subsystems in culture are interrelated.
Knowledge (Knowledge) was born from the experience of being absorbed by the human senses are poured into ideas that are real (tangible) or intangible (intangible).
While Science (science) in a broader sense refers to a systematic knowledge. The device of the science of applied technical nature, objectivity, and experimentation.
Technology is applied knowledge of a technical nature, includes three main elements, namely human to design and realize a limb or materials as a means of processing or processed and processed products object.
2. Definition of Literacy and Language
Whichever occurs first human study, script or language? Of course the language.
Language is the mother of all human knowledge acquired. When the baby was born, the first thing done by those around him, especially his mother, is communicating in "sign language". For example 'crying' that indicates the baby was hungry or uncomfortable. Moving the age of 1-2 years are taught to recognize objects around it and the words most often spoken in the "mother tongue". That is the first knowledge acquired by man in early childhood / child (under five years). Entering school age (around 6-7 years) then taught the letters / characters and reading.
What was the writing? Writing consists of a series of letters / characters, a symbol of human uttered sound yangt, forming a series of words that are meaningful and serves as a communication tool between people who disagree or have the same language. Writing as a communication tool will not help if the language embodied in a system of signs was not diketahua by readers.
More than 90% of time that has passed mankind is the period before the known writings (nirieka) or commonly known as pre-history. The reach of its time covering about two million years, that period began, the fossils of early humans first. Humans are new to writing about 5,000 years ago, which marked the history of the period. It explains that the level of development of human intelligence starts from Sign Language, Language Spoken, then new English writing.
3. Transport
Humans can be said as being a dynamic, meaning that it does not just stay in one place but moved to another place to perform the activity. If the destination is nearby and easily accessible, perhaps enough to rely on his legs to reach the place in question. Start obstacles arise when the destination is a remote and relatively inaccessible. To overcome these obstacles human menciptaklan means to utilize existing facilities, ie transportation.
Man may initially utilize existing facilities, namely riding animals like horses, cows, buffaloes and elephants. Furthermore, humans develop animal-drawn vehicle horses or cattle as ground transportation to transport himself and luggage or merchandise; it creates a gig and so on.
In addition to ground transportation, humans also created boats and ships as transport water (river and sea). Through this water transportation Indonesian man known as the brave sailors who sailed the vast oceans to reach islands far from where she lived.
Transport equipment growing rapidly after the invention of the steam engine-driven with water, fuel and electricity as kerta fire, car, motorcycle and boat fire. Even entered the 20th century, created the aircraft as a means of air transport.
E. Material Research and Sample Materials Research
In the Elephant Museum there are various kinds of research material, including:
1. Weapons
Ø Sword
Perfungsi sword as a weapon to defend themselves. The sword is made of iron, and made with forging techniques.
Ø Meriam (Netherlands)
This cannon is made of bronze, which is used for the war on land, including types of artillery.
2. Inscription
Ø Inscription Munggu Antan (Kedu in Central Java)
This inscription is made of stone, language and literacy
Old Javanese. Contains the inauguration of the village
Munggu Antan became a fief to a convent.
Ø kalasan inscription (Kalasan, Yogyakarta)
This inscription is made of stone, Sanskrit with Pre Nagari script. Contains Maharaja Dyah Pancapana Kariyana Panangkarana building sacred to the goddess Tara. Kalasan village used as a fief for maintenance purposes.
Ø shivagrha inscription (Central Java)
Made of stone, language and Java script
kuna. Contains persemian sacred buildings
for god Siiwa, namely Siwagrha and Saiwalaya.
Also contains a detailed description of a
Siwa religion sacred building complex, which his
According to the experts is a complex of Prambanan.
3. Astronomy and Navigation
Ø Compass Ship (Napier)
This compass is made of glass and brass. This compass serves as a signpost. In ancient times pelauut not use a compass, but just by looking at the stars, the environment and the rustle of the waves. Since about the 19th century became known use of a compass in the voyage. The use of a compass in the shipping usually comes with the use of maps.
Ø Globe (Europe)
Made of hardboard and wood. These globes depicting countries on five continents (Asia, Africa, America, Europe and Australia), expedition cruise, and contains information about astronomy, the direction of the wind and others.
4. Model Home
Ø longhouse (betang. Borneo)
Long house standing on a pole, open front porch with walls decorated with motifs Aso. Derived from Kenyah, Apo Kayan, Borneo.
Ø Tongkonan (Toraja, South Sulawasi)
The house is made of wood and bamboo. Originating from Toraja, South Sulawasi.
Ø Rangkiang (West Sumatra)
A place to store grain.
This Rangkiang as a granary.
Ø Masjid (Central Java, East Java)
Part of the open front porch with 4 wooden pillars. part in an open space with a pulpit for the preacher overhanging backward. Bberbentuk cone roof of the mosque called the temple. Dipuncak temple lies the sphere called 'mustika' which means head.
5. Transport
Ø The boat Nade (Sumatra)
This boat is a boat other than the traditional commercial boats and boat Pinisi Lete. This boat used to transport wood, animals and other items to be traded. Now many are using machines weighing between 200-500 tons.
Ø Boat Pinisi (Ujung Pandang)
These boats since the 19th century, a boat Bugis. The original boat has seven screens and colonnaded two. Pinisi has developed as the largest commercial transport means in the archipelago. Now the boat is already using the machine, and is widely used to transport timber from the area to Jakarta.
Ø Bendi and cikar
Bendi as a means of transport that use animal power is also an effective way of transportation.
Cikar, this vehicle harness for driving animals horse, cow or buffalo. The difference of the trains 'modern' is not used to reduce the shock spring.
In addition to the examples above research material, there are very many other research material such as: traditional musical instruments, laboratories, a map of the archipelago, and others.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS
C. Conclusions
National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia or the Museum Gajah, with classicism style, the building of the National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia is one of the main form of European influence, especially the spirit of the Enlightenment, which emerged at around the 18th century.
This building was built in 1862 by the government in response to the association Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences that examined the scientific research in the Dutch East Indies.
The National Museum Complex is built on a land of about 16,500 m² up to now have two buildings. In 1871, the museum received a gift from King Chulalongkorn of Thailand, in the form of an elephant statue.
On the 2nd floor exhibiting various collections of material culture which can reveal a variety of human knowledge, especially humans Indonesia, also regarding the technology of applied technical knowledge. What is also important is the economic activity, one aspect of human life which is focused on production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services.
This exhibition displays some aspects of science and technology, among others: Script and Language, Law in Indonesia, Architecture, Astronomy and Navigation, Medicine and Food Processing, Protection Equipment, Production Equipment, Communication Equipment, Transport and Economics.
documentation :
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
In modern times, the general public is no longer studying history, especially the history of human life. This study age, history has only been studied in the material, without any realization in practice activity this mengajar.Saat people prefer to visit places of entertainment of the historic places such as museums.
Museum is one of the gathering places of historical objects. Such as human fossils ancient times, the inscription, transportation, weapons, until the relics of ancient human. This observation study we focus on the Elephant Museum. In addition to the study material, there are also a lot of science.
B. Problem Formulation
How backgrounds establishment Elephant Museum?
How brief history of the founding of the Elephant Museum?
What research material contained in the Elephant Museum?
C. Objective
Observation and observation report aims to:
a. know the historical objects of what is displayed in the museum.
b. further explore the National Museum.
D. Benefits Research
Observation and report these observations can provide a variety of benefits to the readers, including:
a. As a means to develop speaking skills and exploration history.
b. Give more knowledge to other readers.
c. As a source of information on the results of Study Observations.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL BASIS
B. Platform Material
The material of this report is based on:
• Interview with one of the employees Museum;
• Board chronology of the history museum;
• Direct observations to the location;
CHAPTER III
PROCESS RESEARCH
A. Methods Used
In doing research, we use a variety of techniques, including: documentation (such as identity records and photos) and interviews.
B. Operating Procedures
In carrying out the study, to collect a variety of data sources on-site observations, we conduct interviews and documentation techniques. Documentation techniques we take two ways, namely, by way memphoto historical objects, and record the identity of these objects.
The stages in collecting data source: first we toured around the room, then we record what we encountered, further to our document.
C. Location Research
We make a visit to the Elephant Museum, Jakarta. Namely the Friday, November 20, 2015.
D. Research Instruments
The steps in this observation is as follows:
1. Choose a problem;
2. Formulate the problem;
3. Determine the source of the data;
4. Collect data;
5. Analysis of the data;
6. Drawing conclusions;
7. Write reports;
In the stage of collecting data, we go directly to the data source, which is housed in the Elephant Museum, Jakarta. Which was held on Wednesday, February 13, 2013.
CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS
A. Background The establishment of the Museum Gajah
National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia or the Museum Gajah, with classicism style, the building of the National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia is one of the main form of European influence, especially the spirit of the Enlightenment, which emerged at around the 18th century.
Enlightenment (Aufklarung) in Europe resulted in the emergence of various scientific associations in Europe. In the Indonesian colonial period, precisely in 1778, formed Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kusten en Wetenschappen (bond Batavia Arts and Sciences). In 1868, the museum was built, as the binding site was centered, as well as a museum.
B. A Brief History Museum Gajah
This building was built in 1862 by the government in response to the association Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences that examined the scientific research in the Dutch East Indies.
The National Museum Complex is built on a land of about 16,500 m² up to now have two buildings. In 1871, the museum received a gift from King Chulalongkorn of Thailand, in the form of an elephant statue.
The new wing was added in 1996 to the north of the old building. This building is called the Unit B or building Arca.
C. Scope Elephant Museum
The old building (building A) is used to showcase the museum's collection and storing space (storage). While Building B (Gedung Arca), which was officially opened on 10 June 2007 by DR.Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (President), but used for the space character (floors 1 to 4), also used for offices, conference rooms, laboratories, libraries , etc.
This building represents the works of Neo-classical built in Indonesia during the 19th century until the early 20th century Note the division of the rooms in the original building of this museum (space Ethnographic, Historical areas, etc.). Are still the same as in the colonial period first. Note that "Historical Room" is a relic of the Europeans; sabuah attempt to write the history of Indonesia according to the subjectivity of the European colonialists who dijewantahkan spatial.
Chairman or leader Museum today is led by Diamond Musliani.
D. Collection of Materials Research Elephant Museum
On the 1st floor to the 4th floor of this room exhibited by the objects of pre-history, such as: the fossils of ancient times, science technology and economics, to the stories of the historical development of early humans on earth.
On the 2nd floor exhibiting various collections of material culture which can reveal a variety of human knowledge, especially humans Indonesia, also regarding the technology of applied technical knowledge. What is also important is the economic activity, one aspect of human life which is focused on production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services.
This exhibition displays some aspects of science and technology, among others: Script and Language, Law in Indonesia, Architecture, Astronomy and Navigation, Medicine and Food Processing, Protection Equipment, Production Equipment, Communication Equipment, Transport and Economics.
1. Definition Science and Technology
Science and technology are the two subsystems in culture are interrelated.
Knowledge (Knowledge) was born from the experience of being absorbed by the human senses are poured into ideas that are real (tangible) or intangible (intangible).
While Science (science) in a broader sense refers to a systematic knowledge. The device of the science of applied technical nature, objectivity, and experimentation.
Technology is applied knowledge of a technical nature, includes three main elements, namely human to design and realize a limb or materials as a means of processing or processed and processed products object.
2. Definition of Literacy and Language
Whichever occurs first human study, script or language? Of course the language.
Language is the mother of all human knowledge acquired. When the baby was born, the first thing done by those around him, especially his mother, is communicating in "sign language". For example 'crying' that indicates the baby was hungry or uncomfortable. Moving the age of 1-2 years are taught to recognize objects around it and the words most often spoken in the "mother tongue". That is the first knowledge acquired by man in early childhood / child (under five years). Entering school age (around 6-7 years) then taught the letters / characters and reading.
What was the writing? Writing consists of a series of letters / characters, a symbol of human uttered sound yangt, forming a series of words that are meaningful and serves as a communication tool between people who disagree or have the same language. Writing as a communication tool will not help if the language embodied in a system of signs was not diketahua by readers.
More than 90% of time that has passed mankind is the period before the known writings (nirieka) or commonly known as pre-history. The reach of its time covering about two million years, that period began, the fossils of early humans first. Humans are new to writing about 5,000 years ago, which marked the history of the period. It explains that the level of development of human intelligence starts from Sign Language, Language Spoken, then new English writing.
3. Transport
Humans can be said as being a dynamic, meaning that it does not just stay in one place but moved to another place to perform the activity. If the destination is nearby and easily accessible, perhaps enough to rely on his legs to reach the place in question. Start obstacles arise when the destination is a remote and relatively inaccessible. To overcome these obstacles human menciptaklan means to utilize existing facilities, ie transportation.
Man may initially utilize existing facilities, namely riding animals like horses, cows, buffaloes and elephants. Furthermore, humans develop animal-drawn vehicle horses or cattle as ground transportation to transport himself and luggage or merchandise; it creates a gig and so on.
In addition to ground transportation, humans also created boats and ships as transport water (river and sea). Through this water transportation Indonesian man known as the brave sailors who sailed the vast oceans to reach islands far from where she lived.
Transport equipment growing rapidly after the invention of the steam engine-driven with water, fuel and electricity as kerta fire, car, motorcycle and boat fire. Even entered the 20th century, created the aircraft as a means of air transport.
E. Material Research and Sample Materials Research
In the Elephant Museum there are various kinds of research material, including:
1. Weapons
Ø Sword
Perfungsi sword as a weapon to defend themselves. The sword is made of iron, and made with forging techniques.
Ø Meriam (Netherlands)
This cannon is made of bronze, which is used for the war on land, including types of artillery.
2. Inscription
Ø Inscription Munggu Antan (Kedu in Central Java)
This inscription is made of stone, language and literacy
Old Javanese. Contains the inauguration of the village
Munggu Antan became a fief to a convent.
Ø kalasan inscription (Kalasan, Yogyakarta)
This inscription is made of stone, Sanskrit with Pre Nagari script. Contains Maharaja Dyah Pancapana Kariyana Panangkarana building sacred to the goddess Tara. Kalasan village used as a fief for maintenance purposes.
Ø shivagrha inscription (Central Java)
Made of stone, language and Java script
kuna. Contains persemian sacred buildings
for god Siiwa, namely Siwagrha and Saiwalaya.
Also contains a detailed description of a
Siwa religion sacred building complex, which his
According to the experts is a complex of Prambanan.
3. Astronomy and Navigation
Ø Compass Ship (Napier)
This compass is made of glass and brass. This compass serves as a signpost. In ancient times pelauut not use a compass, but just by looking at the stars, the environment and the rustle of the waves. Since about the 19th century became known use of a compass in the voyage. The use of a compass in the shipping usually comes with the use of maps.
Ø Globe (Europe)
Made of hardboard and wood. These globes depicting countries on five continents (Asia, Africa, America, Europe and Australia), expedition cruise, and contains information about astronomy, the direction of the wind and others.
4. Model Home
Ø longhouse (betang. Borneo)
Long house standing on a pole, open front porch with walls decorated with motifs Aso. Derived from Kenyah, Apo Kayan, Borneo.
Ø Tongkonan (Toraja, South Sulawasi)
The house is made of wood and bamboo. Originating from Toraja, South Sulawasi.
Ø Rangkiang (West Sumatra)
A place to store grain.
This Rangkiang as a granary.
Ø Masjid (Central Java, East Java)
Part of the open front porch with 4 wooden pillars. part in an open space with a pulpit for the preacher overhanging backward. Bberbentuk cone roof of the mosque called the temple. Dipuncak temple lies the sphere called 'mustika' which means head.
5. Transport
Ø The boat Nade (Sumatra)
This boat is a boat other than the traditional commercial boats and boat Pinisi Lete. This boat used to transport wood, animals and other items to be traded. Now many are using machines weighing between 200-500 tons.
Ø Boat Pinisi (Ujung Pandang)
These boats since the 19th century, a boat Bugis. The original boat has seven screens and colonnaded two. Pinisi has developed as the largest commercial transport means in the archipelago. Now the boat is already using the machine, and is widely used to transport timber from the area to Jakarta.
Ø Bendi and cikar
Bendi as a means of transport that use animal power is also an effective way of transportation.
Cikar, this vehicle harness for driving animals horse, cow or buffalo. The difference of the trains 'modern' is not used to reduce the shock spring.
In addition to the examples above research material, there are very many other research material such as: traditional musical instruments, laboratories, a map of the archipelago, and others.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS
C. Conclusions
National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia or the Museum Gajah, with classicism style, the building of the National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia is one of the main form of European influence, especially the spirit of the Enlightenment, which emerged at around the 18th century.
This building was built in 1862 by the government in response to the association Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences that examined the scientific research in the Dutch East Indies.
The National Museum Complex is built on a land of about 16,500 m² up to now have two buildings. In 1871, the museum received a gift from King Chulalongkorn of Thailand, in the form of an elephant statue.
On the 2nd floor exhibiting various collections of material culture which can reveal a variety of human knowledge, especially humans Indonesia, also regarding the technology of applied technical knowledge. What is also important is the economic activity, one aspect of human life which is focused on production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services.
This exhibition displays some aspects of science and technology, among others: Script and Language, Law in Indonesia, Architecture, Astronomy and Navigation, Medicine and Food Processing, Protection Equipment, Production Equipment, Communication Equipment, Transport and Economics.
documentation :
Kamis, 30 Juli 2015
Keterangan Pemasaran
Pemasaran yang saya lakukan dengan cara menitipkan kepada toko teman saya yang terletak di pasar pondok labu lantai 1 tepat sekali toko pertama sesudah anda menaiki tangga keatas . Pemasaran sengaja saya mulai dari toko karena saya melihat potensi keuntungan yang saya besar dan peminat konsumen yang ingin membeli sangat besar . Dengan lokasi yang strategis ini tidak membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk membeli dagangan saya saya yakin bahwa dagangan saya akan laku dan mendapatkan konsumen tetap atau bahkan mendapatkan keuntungan yang berlebih . Terimakasih
Kamis, 23 Juli 2015
Alasan Lanjut / tidaknya Usaha
Saya akan lanjut usaha saya , karena saya menilai usaha ini akan berjalan dengan baik dan mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal .modal yang selalu saya putar untuk berbelanja kembali sebagian saya sisihkan untuk mengumpulkan modal awal saya dan membuka cabang baru kembali .
Usaha penjualan pakaian yang saya jual insyaAllah akan saya lanjutkan dan mencari toko intuk saya ajak kerjasama supaya usaha saya dapat meluas dan menjadi salah satu pusat fashion yang dicari oleh para konsumen remaja maupun orangtua .
Terimakasih
Usaha penjualan pakaian yang saya jual insyaAllah akan saya lanjutkan dan mencari toko intuk saya ajak kerjasama supaya usaha saya dapat meluas dan menjadi salah satu pusat fashion yang dicari oleh para konsumen remaja maupun orangtua .
Terimakasih
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)